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Discrete Structures Exam Prep

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Discrete Structures Exam Prep

This exam covers key concepts in discrete structures, including relations, equivalence relations, lattices, and Hasse diagrams. Understanding the properties and operations on sets, particularly in terms of relations and...

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7 marks Long answer

Define a Lattice. Draw the Hasse diagram of (D₃₆, /) and Show that it is a lattice.

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A lattice is a partially ordered set where every two elements have a unique supremum and infimum; the Hasse diagram must show these relationships.

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7 marks Long answer

If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5} and C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Find (i) A × B (ii) C × B (iii) B × B. Hence prove that: (C × B) - (A × B) = B × B.

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A × B = {(1,4), (1,5), (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5)}; C × B = {(1,4), (1,5), (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5), (4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5)}; B × B = {(4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5)}.

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6 marks Long answer

Identify whether the each of the following relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are reflexive relation, symmetric relation, anti-symmetric relation and transitive relation. R₁ = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)} R₂ = Universal Relation.

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R₁ is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive; R₂ is reflexive, symmetric, anti-symmetric, and transitive.

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5 marks Long answer

Let R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)} and A = {1, 2, 3} find the reflexive, symmetric and transitive closure of R using composition of relation R.

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The reflexive closure adds (1,1), (2,2), (3,3); the symmetric closure adds (2,1), (3,2), (1,3); the transitive closure adds (1,3), (2,1), (3,2).

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