Class 12 Chemistry Solutions, Electrochemistry, Kinetics
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Class 12 Chemistry Solutions, Electrochemistry, Kinetics
This kit covers three chapters from Class XII Chemistry: Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Kinetics. For **Solutions**, focus on concentration terms (mass %, mole fraction, molarity, molality, normality), Raoult'...
Sample questions with model answers
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Describe the four colligative properties and explain how each can be used to determine the molar mass of a non-volatile solute.
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Colligative properties: relative lowering of vapour pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure; each is proportional to molality or molarity, allowing molar mass calculation.
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Discuss the construction and working of a galvanic cell with a suitable example. Write the cell notation and calculate the EMF using standard electrode potentials.
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Galvanic cell converts chemical energy to electrical; e.g., Daniell cell: Zn(s)|Zn²⁺(1M)||Cu²⁺(1M)|Cu(s), E°cell = 1.10 V.
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Explain the concept of abnormal molar mass and the van't Hoff factor. Derive the relationship between degree of dissociation and van't Hoff factor.
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Abnormal molar mass occurs due to association or dissociation; $\alpha = \frac{i-1}{n-1}$ for dissociation.
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Describe the electrolysis of molten NaCl and aqueous NaCl. Explain why different products are obtained.
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Molten NaCl gives Na and Cl₂; aqueous NaCl gives H₂ and Cl₂ due to preferential discharge of H⁺ and Cl⁻.
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