class 10 icse board phy calorimetry
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class 10 icse board phy calorimetry
Calorimetry is the measurement of heat transfer. The key formula is $Q = mc\Delta T$ for sensible heat (no change of state) and $Q = mL$ for latent heat (change of state). Specific heat capacity $c$ is the heat required...
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Describe an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a solid using the method of mixtures.
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Heat a known mass of solid to a known temperature, mix with water in a calorimeter, measure final temperature, and apply heat lost = heat gained.
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A calorimeter of mass 50 g (specific heat 400 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹) contains 150 g of water at 30°C. Steam at 100°C is passed into it until the temperature becomes 40°C. Find the mass of steam condensed. (Latent heat of vaporisation = 2260000 J kg⁻¹)
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Heat gained = (0.05×400+0.15×4200)×(40−30) = 6500 J; heat lost by steam = m×2260000 + m×4200×(100−40) = m×(2260000+252000) = m×2512000; m = 6500/2512000 ≈ 0.00259 kg = 2.59 g.
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A 500 g block of copper at 80°C is placed in a calorimeter of water equivalent 25 g containing 300 g of water at 20°C. Find the final temperature. (Specific heat of copper = 400 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹)
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Heat lost = 0.5×400×(80−T); heat gained = (0.3+0.025)×4200×(T−20); equate: 200(80−T)=1365(T−20) → T ≈ 27.6°C.
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State and explain the three modes of heat transfer. Give one example of each.
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Conduction (solid), convection (fluid), radiation (no medium); examples: metal rod, sea breeze, sun's heat.
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