The two terminals
Cap is plus, disc is minus.
Every cell has two terminals. The small metal cap that sticks out is positive. The flat metal disc at the other end is negative. Plus and minus signs are printed on the cell to confirm it.
📚 Chapter Learning Kit
Electricity: Circuits and their Components · Class 7 Science · Curiosity
English 4 topics 140 leveled MCQs 68 flashcards 5 games Free
Shared by a Veda teacher · Generated with Veda AI · Oct 2026
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Veda Bites are swipeable micro-lessons — each one teaches exactly one idea. Here's a taste from this kit; the app has the full deck.
A portable source
It carries its energy with it.
A cell brings its electrical energy along wherever it goes. That is why a torch works in a field at night, with no wall socket anywhere near it.
What makes a battery
Nose to tail.
Set two or more cells in a line, each plus end against the next minus end, and you have a battery. Turn one cell around and two like terminals face each other, so nothing glows.
The filament
The thin thread does the glowing.
Inside the glass bulb a very thin wire is fixed across the middle. Current passing through it makes it hot enough to glow, and that glow is the light.
A lamp has two terminals
Tip and case, kept apart.
The metal tip at the bottom of the lamp is one terminal and the metal case around it is the other. Thick wires run from them to the two ends of the filament.
Thin is the point
Why the thick wires stay dark.
The thick wires carry the same current and do not glow, because they are much thicker than the filament. Being thin is what makes the filament the part that lights up.
📖 Smart notes
What you'll study, topic by topic
1
Cells and Batteries
A torch runs on electric cells. Every cell has a positive terminal at its metal cap and a negative one at its flat disc. Joining cells positive to negative makes a battery.
- Every electric cell has two terminals, one positive and one negative.
- The protruding metal cap is the positive terminal and the flat metal disc is the negative one.
- A cell carries its own store of electrical energy about with it.
~35 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
2
Lamps, Filaments and LEDs
An incandescent lamp glows because current heats a thin filament between its two terminals, and it works either way round. An LED passes current one way only, so its longer wire must go to the positive side.
- An incandescent lamp holds a thin filament inside a glass bulb.
- Thick wires carry current from the lamp terminals to the two ends of the filament.
- The metal tip is one terminal of the lamp and the metal case is the other.
~35 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
3
Circuits, Switches and Circuit Diagrams
A circuit is a complete path for current, taken to flow from the positive terminal to the negative. A switch completes or breaks that path, and standard symbols let any circuit be drawn quickly.
- A lamp glows only when each end of the lamp reaches a different end of the cell.
- Such an arrangement is an electrical circuit, and it gives current a complete path.
- The lamp glows only while current passes through the circuit.
~40 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
4
Conductors and Insulators
Current flows easily through conductors such as metals and not through insulators such as plastic and rubber. Both matter: metal carries the current and the covering keeps it away from us.
- Current moves through some materials without difficulty, and those are conductors, or good conductors.
- Current cannot get through other materials at all, and those are insulators, or poor conductors.
- Metals are conductors of electricity, which is why wires are made of metal.
~40 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
❓ Leveled MCQ practice
Try the smart MCQs from this kit
140 questions laddered from warm-up to topper-level, each with an explanation. A taste:
The protruding metal cap of an electric cell is its
Beginner
A the negative terminal
B filament
C positive terminal
D switch
Show answer & explanation
positive terminal
The cap that sticks out is the positive terminal, and the flat disc is the negative one.
Consider these statements about an electric cell. I. The protruding metal cap is the positive terminal. II. The flat metal disc at the other end is the negative terminal. III. Two or more cells joined together form a circuit. Which statements are correct?
Advanced
A I and II only
B II and III only
C I and III only
D I, II and III
Show answer & explanation
I and II only
I and II are correct. III is not: cells joined together make a BATTERY, and a circuit is the complete path the current then has.
An electric cell is best described as
Beginner
A a device that measures out the electric current
B a switch that completes the whole of a circuit
C a material which current cannot ever pass through
D a carry-anywhere store of electrical energy
Show answer & explanation
a carry-anywhere store of electrical energy
A cell carries its energy with it, which is why a torch works away from any socket.
Two or more cells joined together form a
Beginner
A filament
B battery
C circuit diagram
D conductor
Show answer & explanation
battery
That combination is what the word battery names.
🃏 Flashcards
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68 flashcards in this kit — the app reviews them with spaced repetition so the right card returns on the right day.
🎮 Learning games
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Categorization
Fact Or Myth
Sequence Builder
Memory Match
Speed Quiz
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